Web Standards:

LWC: LWC is built using standard web technologies, including modern JavaScript (ES6+), HTML, and CSS. It closely aligns with native web components specifications, which makes it more natural for web developers to pick up.

Aura: Aura has its own set of conventions and doesn't fully align with modern web standards. It introduced a more proprietary way of building components.

Performance:

LWC: Generally, LWC is faster and more efficient than Aura because of its alignment with web standards and its lighter-weight architecture.

Aura: While still efficient, Aura can be bulkier and slower in comparison to LWC.

Data Binding:

LWC: Uses one-way data binding, which means data flows in one direction and changes in the UI do not automatically reflect in the JavaScript properties without explicit events.

Aura: Uses two-way data binding, which means changes in the UI automatically update the JavaScript properties and vice-versa.

Interoperability:

LWC: You can use LWC inside Aura components, but not the other way around.

Aura: Aura components cannot be used within LWC.